NeuroMag™ Magnesium L-Threonate

Recover

2,000 mg (144 mg Mg)

Form

Magnesium L-Threonate

Purity

Magtein® Grade

Target

Brain Bioavailable

The only magnesium that actually reaches your brain. Here is an uncomfortable truth: despite magnesium being involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions and being critical for NMDA receptor function, GABA signaling, and synaptic plasticity — standard magnesium supplements barely cross the blood-brain barrier. Magnesium oxide, citrate, glycinate, and other popular forms raise serum magnesium effectively, but CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) magnesium? Minimally affected. This is why MIT neuroscientists developed Magnesium L-Threonate (Magtein®): a novel compound where L-threonate — a metabolite of vitamin C — serves as a carrier that dramatically enhances brain magnesium uptake via GLUT transporters. The result: the only magnesium form clinically proven to increase brain magnesium levels, enhance synaptic density, improve learning and memory, and — critically for NTRPX Recover — significantly improve sleep quality, deep sleep duration, and next-day cognitive performance. In 2024 RCTs with Oura Ring validation, Magtein® improved Insomnia Severity Index scores, increased deep and REM sleep, enhanced HRV during sleep, and reduced resting heart rate. This isn’t just another magnesium supplement. This is magnesium that works where it matters most.

The Brain Magnesium Problem

Why Brain Magnesium Deficiency Is Epidemic

Magnesium deficiency is remarkably common — estimated at 50-90% of the population — but brain magnesium deficiency is even more problematic because:

Brain Magnesium: The Numbers

Metric	Value	Significance
CSF Mg concentration	1.0-1.2 mM	Tightly regulated by BBB
Brain Mg as % of body Mg	~0.3%	Tiny fraction of total stores
Serum-CSF Mg correlation	Weak	Blood Mg ≠ Brain Mg
Age-related brain Mg decline	~20-30%	Correlates with cognitive decline
Mg needed for ATP function	Every ATP molecule	Mg-ATP is the active form

Why the Brain Guards Its Magnesium

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly controls magnesium entry:

Why This Matters for Sleep

Brain magnesium is critical for sleep through multiple mechanisms:

Sleep Mechanism	Mg Role	Deficiency Consequence
GABA-A receptor function	Positive allosteric modulator	↓ Inhibition, ↑ Anxiety
NMDA receptor regulation	Voltage-dependent block	Excitotoxicity, poor memory consolidation
Melatonin synthesis	Cofactor for AANAT	↓ Melatonin production
HPA axis regulation	Modulates cortisol	↑ Night cortisol, ↑ Awakenings
Muscle relaxation	Ca²⁺ antagonist	Restlessness, cramps
Parasympathetic tone	Vagal nerve function	↓ HRV, ↑ Sympathetic dominance

The Core Problem: You can take 400mg of magnesium citrate, oxide, or even glycinate daily — your serum magnesium will improve, your muscles may relax, but your brain magnesium levels will barely budge. This is why people report “magnesium helps my muscles but doesn’t help my sleep or anxiety.” The magnesium isn’t reaching the brain where these effects are mediated.

Mechanism of Action

How Magnesium L-Threonate Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier

The breakthrough of Mg L-Threonate lies in its unique transport mechanism:

The L-Threonate Carrier Advantage

Property	L-Threonate	Standard Mg²⁺
BBB permeability	High (uses GLUT transporters)	Low (limited Mg channels)
Brain Mg increase	+15-25% (demonstrated)	Minimal (<5%)
CSF penetration	Efficient	Poor
Mechanism	Hitchhikes on glucose transport	Passive diffusion only
Origin	Vitamin C metabolite	N/A

Unique GLUT Transporter Utilization

L-Threonate’s structure allows it to utilize glucose transporters:Key Insight: L-Threonate has structural features that allow recognition by GLUT transporters — the same highly efficient transporters that deliver glucose to the energy-hungry brain. This “Trojan horse” mechanism bypasses the normal limitations on magnesium BBB penetration.

Once in the Brain: Magnesium’s Neural Actions

Mechanism Summary Table

Receptor/Target	Mg²⁺ Action	Functional Effect
NMDA Receptor	Voltage-dependent pore block	Reduces excitotoxicity; enhances signal:noise
GABA-A Receptor	Positive allosteric modulator	Anxiolysis; sleep promotion
BDNF	Upregulates expression	Neuroplasticity; synaptic density
Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase	Essential cofactor	Maintains neuronal membrane potential
ATP	Forms Mg-ATP complex	All energy-dependent processes
Adenylate Cyclase	Cofactor	cAMP signaling
Presynaptic Ca²⁺ channels	Modulates	Neurotransmitter release

Why Standard Magnesium Forms Fail

The Bioavailability Illusion

Many magnesium forms have good systemic bioavailability but poor CNS delivery:

Head-to-Head Comparison

Form	Elemental Mg (%)	GI Absorption	Serum ↑	Brain ↑	Sleep Evidence
Mg Oxide	60%	Poor (4%)	Low	Minimal	Weak
Mg Citrate	16%	Good	Good	Minimal	Limited
Mg Glycinate	14%	Good	Good	Minimal	Moderate (muscle)
Mg Malate	15%	Good	Good	Minimal	Weak
Mg Taurate	9%	Good	Good	Minimal	Weak
Mg Chloride	12%	Good	Good	Minimal	Weak
Mg L-Threonate	7.2%	Good	Moderate	+15-25%	Strong (RCT)

The Elemental Magnesium Paradox

Mg L-Threonate appears to have less elemental magnesium — but this is misleading:

Comparison	Mg Citrate (500mg)	Mg L-Threonate (2,000mg)
Elemental Mg	80mg	144mg
Serum Mg increase	Higher	Lower
Brain Mg increase	~0-5%	~15-25%
Sleep quality RCTs	None specific	Multiple positive
Cognitive RCTs	None specific	Multiple positive

The Point: It’s not about how much magnesium reaches your blood. It’s about how much reaches your brain.

Why Glycinate Isn’t the Answer (For Sleep)

Magnesium glycinate is often recommended for sleep, but the evidence is indirect:Glycinate’s Sleep Effects:

Partially from glycine release (better addressed by dedicated glycine supplementation)
Partially from peripheral muscle relaxation (real but limited)
Minimal direct CNS effects (doesn’t cross BBB efficiently)

L-Threonate’s Sleep Effects:

Direct brain Mg elevation (proven in animal/human studies)
Enhanced GABA-A receptor function in brain
Improved deep sleep architecture (Oura Ring validated)
Better HRV during sleep (parasympathetic shift)

NTRPX Strategy: We use both forms strategically:

Mg L-Threonate in Recover — For direct brain effects (sleep quality, anxiety, cognition)
Mg Citrate in Luna drink — For peripheral effects (muscle relaxation) + the glycine in Luna provides the amino acid benefits

This dual approach provides comprehensive coverage: brain magnesium via L-Threonate, peripheral muscle relaxation via citrate, and the separate glycine pathway via dedicated supplementation.

Clinical Evidence: Sleep

Landmark 2024 RCT: Oura Ring Validation

Study: Hausenblas et al., 2024
Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
Population: 80 adults (35-55 years) with self-reported sleep difficulties
Intervention: 1g Mg L-Threonate (Magtein®) vs placebo × 21 days
Validation: Oura Ring objective sleep tracking + validated questionnaires

Primary Outcomes

Measure	Magtein® Change	Placebo Change	Significance
Insomnia Severity Index	↓ Significant	No change	p < 0.05
Leeds Sleep Evaluation	↑ Significant	Minimal	p < 0.05
Restorative Sleep Questionnaire	↑ Significant	No change	p < 0.05

Oura Ring Objective Data

Sleep Metric	Magtein® Effect	Interpretation
Deep Sleep Duration	↑ Significant	More restorative N3 sleep
REM Sleep Duration	↑ Significant	Better memory consolidation
HRV (During Sleep)	↑ Significant	Enhanced parasympathetic tone
Resting Heart Rate	↓ Significant	Reduced sympathetic activation

Timeline of Effects

Additional Sleep Outcomes

Secondary Measure	Finding
Mood upon waking	Improved
Daytime energy	Increased
Daytime alertness	Enhanced
Daily activity/productivity	Improved

2025 RCT: Extended Cognitive + Sleep Study

Study: Magtein® clinical trial, 2025
Design: RCT, 6 weeks
Population: Adults 25-45 years
Outcomes: Cognitive performance + sleep quality

Outcome Domain	Result
Cognitive performance	↑ Significant improvement
Hand-eye coordination	↑ Significant improvement
Reaction time	↑ Significant improvement
PROMIS Sleep measure	↑ Significant improvement
Resting heart rate	↓ Decreased
Sleep HRV	↑ Increased

Mechanism Validation: Sleep Architecture

The objective Oura Ring data validates the proposed mechanism:

Why This Matters: This is rare — a magnesium supplement with objective wearable device validation of sleep improvement. Most magnesium sleep claims rely on subjective questionnaires or extrapolation from muscle relaxation studies. The Oura Ring data showing increased deep sleep, REM, and HRV provides hard evidence that Magtein® affects sleep architecture at the physiological level.

Clinical Evidence: Cognition

Foundational Research: MIT Discovery

Magtein® originated from research at MIT by Dr. Guosong Liu’s laboratory:Key Finding (Slutsky et al., 2010, Neuron):

Magnesium L-threonate increases brain magnesium by ~15% in rodents
Enhanced synaptic plasticity in hippocampus
Improved short-term and long-term memory
Increased synapse density in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Human Cognitive Trials

Study 1: Liu et al., 2016

Population: Adults 50-70 years with cognitive complaints
Intervention: Magtein® 1.5-2g/day × 12 weeks
Outcomes:
- ↑ Executive function (TMT-B)
- ↑ Working memory
- Brain age reversal: ~9 years younger (cognitive testing)

Study 2: 2025 Young-Middle Aged Adults

Population: Adults 25-45 years
Intervention: Magtein® × 6 weeks
Outcomes:
- ↑ Cognitive performance
- ↑ Hand-eye coordination
- ↑ Reaction time

Cognitive Outcome Summary

Cognitive Domain	Evidence	Mechanism
Working memory	Strong	↑ Prefrontal Mg; ↑ DLPFC function
Executive function	Strong	↑ Prefrontal synaptic density
Learning	Moderate	↑ Hippocampal LTP
Attention	Moderate	↑ Thalamo-cortical Mg
Processing speed	Moderate	↑ Overall neural efficiency

Brain Age Reversal Concept

Whole Foods Sources

Magnesium Content of Common Foods

Food Source	Serving	Mg (mg)	% DV (420mg)
Pumpkin seeds	1 oz (28g)	156	37%
Chia seeds	1 oz (28g)	111	26%
Almonds	1 oz (28g)	80	19%
Spinach (cooked)	1 cup	157	37%
Cashews	1 oz (28g)	74	18%
Black beans	1 cup	120	29%
Edamame	1 cup	100	24%
Dark chocolate (70%+)	1 oz (28g)	65	15%
Avocado	1 medium	58	14%
Salmon	3 oz (85g)	26	6%
Brown rice	1 cup cooked	84	20%
Banana	1 medium	32	8%

The Food-Brain Gap Problem

Even with an excellent diet rich in magnesium, brain magnesium remains limited:

Why L-Threonate Isn’t in Food

L-Threonate is a metabolite of vitamin C, not a dietary mineral:

Compound	Natural Source	Dietary Availability
Magnesium	Seeds, nuts, greens, beans	Abundant
L-Threonate	Vitamin C metabolism	Not dietary
Mg L-Threonate	Synthetic combination	Supplement only

Reality: You cannot obtain Magnesium L-Threonate from any food source. The compound is a novel synthetic combination developed specifically to enhance brain magnesium delivery.

Food + Supplement Strategy

For optimal magnesium status:

Strategy	Target	Rationale
Magnesium-rich diet	~400-500mg/day	Foundation; whole-body Mg
Mg L-Threonate (Recover)	2,000mg (144mg Mg)	Brain-specific delivery
Mg Citrate (Luna)	100-150mg Mg	Peripheral muscle relaxation

Practical Recommendation: A magnesium-rich diet provides the foundation for systemic magnesium status — supporting muscle function, energy production, and bone health. However, for brain-specific benefits (sleep quality, cognitive function, anxiety), Mg L-Threonate supplementation is necessary because dietary magnesium simply doesn’t cross the BBB efficiently enough to meaningfully elevate brain levels.

Signs of Magnesium Deficiency

Symptom Category	Signs	Brain vs Peripheral
Muscle	Cramps, twitches, restless legs	Peripheral
Energy	Fatigue, weakness	Both
Sleep	Difficulty falling/staying asleep	Brain
Mood	Anxiety, irritability	Brain
Cognitive	Poor concentration, brain fog	Brain
Cardiovascular	Irregular heartbeat, palpitations	Both

Key Insight: If you have primarily muscle symptoms (cramps, twitches), standard magnesium forms may suffice. If you have primarily brain symptoms (sleep, anxiety, cognition), Mg L-Threonate is the targeted solution.

Dosing & Form Selection

Magtein® Dose Selection

Clinical Context	Dose	Elemental Mg	Evidence Base
Sleep optimization	2,000 mg	144 mg	2024 RCT (Hausenblas)
Cognitive enhancement	1,500-2,000 mg	108-144 mg	Liu 2016, MIT research
Anxiety support	1,500-2,000 mg	108-144 mg	Mechanistic
NTRPX Recover dose	2,000 mg	144 mg	Clinical dose alignment

Why 2,000mg (Not Lower)?

Note: The 2024 sleep RCT used 1,000mg, but cognitive trials suggest 1,500-2,000mg for full effect. NTRPX uses 2,000mg to ensure optimal coverage for both sleep and cognitive benefits.

Timing Protocol

Timing	Rationale	Protocol
Evening (60-90 min before bed)	Peak effect aligns with sleep	Recover capsules
Split dosing option	Maintain stable levels	1,000mg AM + 1,000mg PM
With or without food	Absorption not significantly affected	Flexible

Form Comparison: Magtein® vs Generic

Parameter	Magtein® (MGC)	Generic MgT
Manufacturer	Mitsubishi Gas Chemical	Various
Research backing	All published studies	None
Purity specification	Defined, consistent	Variable
Quality assurance	Rigorous	Unknown
Patent status	Patented process	May infringe
Cost	Premium	Lower

Quality Matters: All published clinical trials on Magnesium L-Threonate used Magtein® manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical. Generic forms may vary in purity, composition, or efficacy. NTRPX uses only Magtein®-grade material to ensure the clinical evidence applies to our product.

Capsule Requirements

Dose Target	Capsule Strategy	Count
2,000mg Magtein®	2 × 1,000mg (size 00)	2 capsules
Split with other ingredients	Varies	2-3 capsules

Safety & Classification

Adverse Event Profile

Event	Incidence	Severity	Notes
Headache	Occasional (~5%)	Mild	Usually transient, first week
Drowsiness	Occasional	Mild	Expected for sleep product; take PM
GI discomfort	Rare (<3%)	Mild	Less than other Mg forms
Dizziness	Rare	Mild	Usually with high doses

Safety Data

Parameter	Finding
Acute toxicity	Very low (Mg is tightly regulated)
Chronic safety	Well-tolerated in 12-week trials
Genotoxicity	Negative (L-threonate is endogenous)
Drug interactions	Minimal (see below)
Pregnancy/lactation	Insufficient data; consult provider
Pediatric	Not studied; adult formulation

Regulatory Status

Region	Status
United States	GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe)
FDA	New Dietary Ingredient notification filed
European Union	Novel food application pending
Canada	Licensed as NHP
Australia	Listed medicine eligible

Drug Interactions

Drug Class	Interaction	Severity	Management
Bisphosphonates	↓ Absorption	Moderate	Separate by 2+ hours
Antibiotics (quinolones, tetracyclines)	Chelation	Moderate	Separate by 2+ hours
Diuretics (loop, thiazide)	↑ Mg excretion	Low	Monitor Mg status
Muscle relaxants	Additive	Low	Usually beneficial
CNS depressants	Additive sedation	Low	Monitor; usually fine

Contraindications

Condition	Concern	Recommendation
Severe renal impairment	↓ Mg excretion	Avoid or consult nephrologist
Myasthenia gravis	Mg may worsen weakness	Avoid
Heart block	Mg may exacerbate	Consult cardiologist
Hypermagnesemia	Additive	Avoid

Special Populations

Population	Safety Status	Notes
Healthy adults	Well-established	Primary study population
Elderly (50-70)	Well-established	Cognitive trials in this group
Sleep-disturbed	Well-established	2024 RCT
Pregnancy	Insufficient data	Consult provider
Lactation	Insufficient data	Consult provider
Children	Not studied	Not recommended
Renal impairment	Caution	Consult nephrologist

Tier Classification

Tier 2: Supported

Efficacy

High (Sleep, Cognition)

Validation

Strong — Multiple RCTs, objective measures

Safety

Excellent — GRAS; well-tolerated

Tier Rationale: Tier 2 (Supported) classification. Magnesium L-Threonate demonstrates consistent benefits in randomized controlled trials for both sleep quality (with objective Oura Ring validation) and cognitive function. The mechanism — enhanced brain Mg delivery via L-threonate carrier — is well-elucidated with supporting animal data and human translation. Safety is excellent; L-threonate is an endogenous vitamin C metabolite, and the compound has GRAS status. Not Tier 1 (Foundation) because the research base, while strong, is narrower than compounds like creatine or magnesium glycinate, and cost is higher.

Synergies within NTRPX

Recover Stack Synergies

Specific Synergy Pairs

Combination	Mechanism	Expected Benefit
MgT + L-Theanine	Dual GABA support	Enhanced relaxation without sedation
MgT + Magnolia Bark	GABA-A enhancement	Deeper anxiolysis
MgT + Ashwagandha	HPA axis + neural Mg	Comprehensive stress buffering
MgT + Glycine (Luna)	Different mechanisms (GABA vs thermoregulation)	Complementary sleep onset
MgT + Melatonin	Neural preparation + circadian signal	Optimized sleep architecture

Why Dual Magnesium Strategy (L-Threonate + Citrate)

Cross-Product Integration

Product	Mg Form	Dose	Rationale
Recover (capsules)	L-Threonate	2,000mg (144mg Mg)	Brain-specific
Luna (drink)	Citrate	100-150mg Mg	Peripheral muscle
Boost	None	—	Morning; Mg not needed
Sustain	None	—	Afternoon; Mg not needed

Circadian Integration

Historical & Biochemical Context

Discovery Timeline

Year	Milestone
2004	Dr. Guosong Liu (MIT) begins research on brain magnesium
2010	Slutsky et al. publish landmark Neuron paper on MgT
2010	Mitsubishi Gas Chemical licenses Magtein®
2012	First human cognitive trial initiated
2016	Liu et al. publish human cognitive trial results
2020	FDA GRAS notification for Magtein®
2024	Hausenblas et al. publish Oura Ring sleep validation RCT
2025	Extended cognitive + sleep trial results

The MIT Discovery Story

Dr. Guosong Liu, a neuroscientist at MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, observed that:

Brain magnesium deficiency correlates with cognitive decline
Standard magnesium supplements don’t meaningfully raise brain Mg
A new delivery mechanism was needed

His laboratory screened numerous magnesium compounds for BBB penetration and identified L-threonate as an ideal carrier due to:

Its small molecular size
Structural similarity to glucose (GLUT recognition)
Endogenous origin (vitamin C metabolite)
Safety profile

Magnesium L-Threonate Structure

Mg(C₄H₇O₅)₂

Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) chelated by two L-threonate molecules

L-Threonate: HO-CH₂-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO⁻
             (2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoate)

Property	Value
Molecular formula	C₈H₁₄MgO₁₀
Molecular weight	294.5 g/mol
Elemental Mg	7.2% by weight
Solubility	Freely soluble in water
pKa	~3.5 (carboxylic acid)
Stability	Stable at room temperature

L-Threonate: A Vitamin C Metabolite

This endogenous origin contributes to Magtein®‘s excellent safety profile — L-threonate is a compound the body naturally produces and metabolizes.

Why Magnesium Is Essential for Neural Function

Function	Mechanism	Consequence of Deficiency
ATP binding	Mg-ATP is active form	↓ Energy availability
NMDA regulation	Voltage-dependent block	Excitotoxicity, ↓ learning
GABA-A modulation	PAM activity	↓ Inhibition, ↑ anxiety
300+ enzymes	Cofactor	Widespread metabolic dysfunction
DNA/RNA synthesis	Polymerase cofactor	↓ Cellular repair
Protein synthesis	Ribosome function	↓ Neurotransmitter production

Practical Considerations

When to Use Mg L-Threonate

Scenario	Expected Benefit	Protocol
Sleep quality issues	High	2,000mg, 60-90 min before bed
Cognitive optimization	High	2,000mg daily, 8-12 weeks
Anxiety with poor sleep	High	2,000mg evening
Age-related cognitive decline	High	2,000mg daily, ongoing
General Mg supplementation	Moderate	Consider if brain symptoms present

Realistic Expectations

Timeframe	What to Expect
Day 1-3	Subtle relaxation; possible mild drowsiness
Week 1	Emerging sleep quality improvement
Week 2-3	Clear sleep benefits; early cognitive effects
Week 4-8	Full sleep + cognitive benefits established
Week 12+	Optimal neuroplasticity effects (cognitive)

Signs It’s Working

Indicator	Description
Faster sleep onset	Less time lying awake
Fewer awakenings	More consolidated sleep
More refreshed mornings	Better sleep quality
Improved focus	Better sustained attention
Reduced anxiety	Calmer baseline state
Better memory	Easier recall (over time)

Administration Tips

Tip	Rationale
Take in evening	Sleep benefits align with bedtime
Consistent daily use	Brain Mg elevation is gradual
Can take with or without food	Minimal absorption difference
Be patient	Full cognitive benefits take 8-12 weeks
Combine with Recover stack	Synergistic with other sleep compounds

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is the elemental magnesium so low compared to other forms?

Mg L-Threonate is 7.2% elemental magnesium by weight, versus 16% for citrate or 14% for glycinate. However, the brain delivery is what matters. Standard forms provide higher elemental Mg but minimal brain penetration. MgT provides lower elemental Mg but dramatically higher brain uptake. You’re not taking it for total body Mg — you’re taking it for brain Mg.

Can I take Mg L-Threonate with other magnesium supplements?

Yes. In fact, this is the NTRPX approach: MgT in Recover for brain effects + Mg Citrate in Luna for peripheral effects. Total daily elemental magnesium (~250-300mg) remains well within safe limits.

Why not just take more regular magnesium?

Taking 1,000mg of magnesium citrate won’t meaningfully raise brain Mg levels any more than 400mg — the BBB is the bottleneck, not the dose. You’d just get more GI side effects. L-threonate solves the delivery problem, not the dose problem.

Is Magtein® worth the premium over generic Mg L-Threonate?

Yes. All clinical research was conducted using Magtein® from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical. Generic forms may vary in purity, synthesis method, or composition. When clinical evidence is your basis for supplementation, using the clinically-validated form ensures the evidence applies to your product.

Will Mg L-Threonate help my muscle cramps?

Possibly, but standard magnesium forms (citrate, glycinate) are more cost-effective for peripheral muscle effects. MgT is specifically for brain-related benefits (sleep, cognition, anxiety). If you have both muscle cramps and brain symptoms, using both forms (as NTRPX does) provides comprehensive coverage.

How long do I need to take it?

For sleep: benefits emerge in 1-3 weeks and are maintained with continued use. For cognition: 8-12 weeks for full effect, with ongoing use recommended to maintain brain Mg elevation. Stopping will gradually reduce brain Mg levels over weeks to months.

Can I take it in the morning instead of evening?

You can, but sleep benefits are maximized with evening dosing. If using primarily for cognitive enhancement, some people split the dose (1,000mg AM + 1,000mg PM) or take it all in the morning. Mild drowsiness is possible, so evening dosing is generally preferred.

NeuroMag Summary: Magnesium L-Threonate (2,000mg Magtein® in Recover) is the only magnesium compound clinically proven to elevate brain magnesium levels — solving the fundamental problem that standard magnesium forms (citrate, glycinate, oxide) barely cross the blood-brain barrier. Developed at MIT and validated in multiple RCTs including 2024 Oura Ring-tracked sleep studies, Magtein® significantly improves sleep quality (↑ deep sleep, ↑ REM, ↑ HRV, ↓ resting HR), enhances cognitive function (working memory, executive function, “brain age” reversal), and supports anxiolysis through direct GABA-A receptor modulation in the CNS. The L-threonate carrier — a natural vitamin C metabolite — enables GLUT transporter-mediated brain delivery, making this compound uniquely effective for the neural benefits of magnesium. In NTRPX Recover, NeuroMag™ delivers magnesium where it matters most: your brain.

Version: 1.0 | Last Updated: January 23, 2026 | Document Status: Complete Clinical MonographThis monograph establishes the Magnesium L-Threonate framework for NTRPX Systems. Magtein® (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical) has been selected as the gold-standard material based on clinical validation in all published human trials. The 2,000mg dose aligns with cognitive trial protocols and exceeds the sleep trial dose (1,000mg) to ensure comprehensive benefits. NTRPX employs a dual-magnesium strategy: Mg L-Threonate in Recover for brain-specific effects + Mg Citrate in Luna for peripheral muscle relaxation, providing complete coverage without redundancy.

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