RapidChol Alpha-GPC

Sprint™

300 mg

Acute Use Only

2-3x per week max

Choline Yield

40% by weight

The highest-yield cholinergic payload. Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (α-GPC) delivers 40% choline by weight — the highest of any supplemental form — with rapid blood-brain barrier penetration and direct conversion to acetylcholine. Beyond cognition, Alpha-GPC uniquely stimulates growth hormone release and enhances power output in athletic contexts. Clinical trials demonstrate improved reaction time, enhanced memory encoding, and increased peak force production. Reserved for Sprint (acute use only) due to TMAO cardiovascular concerns with chronic high-dose choline supplementation.

Mechanism of Action

Alpha-GPC is a phospholipid-bound choline that serves as both a cholinergic precursor and a membrane phospholipid donor:

Choline Delivery Comparison

Alpha-GPC provides the most efficient choline delivery to the brain:

Primary Mechanisms

Mechanism	Action	Magnitude	Functional Impact
Cholinergic	Direct choline substrate for ACh synthesis	↑↑↑ Rapid, high	Memory, attention, processing
Phospholipid	Glycerophosphate → phosphatidylcholine	↑↑ Moderate	Membrane integrity, fluidity
Somatotropic	Stimulates anterior pituitary GH release	↑↑ Acute spike	Anabolic signaling, recovery
Dopaminergic	Indirect via membrane DA receptor support	↑ Mild	Motivation, reward
Neuromuscular	↑ ACh at motor endplate	↑↑ Significant	Power output, reaction time

The Cholinergic Surge Model

Why Alpha-GPC Produces Acute Effects:Unlike CDP-choline which provides sustained, moderate cholinergic support, Alpha-GPC creates a bolus effect:

Highest Choline Yield: 40% choline by weight floods the system
Rapid Absorption: Tmax of 1-2 hours
Efficient BBB Transport: Both intact molecule and free choline cross
ChAT Saturation: Overwhelming substrate availability
Acute Peak: Pronounced but time-limited enhancement

This pharmacokinetic profile makes Alpha-GPC ideal for acute, high-demand situations (Sprint) rather than daily baseline support (CDP-choline in Boost/Sustain).

Pharmacokinetic Profile

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME)

Parameter	Value	Clinical Implication
Bioavailability	~88% (choline moiety)	Excellent oral absorption
Tmax (choline)	1-2 hours	Peak effects within 1-3 hours
Tmax (intact α-GPC)	2-3 hours	Slower for phospholipid effects
Half-life (choline)	3-4 hours	Acute effect duration
Volume of Distribution	Large; lipophilic	Good tissue penetration
Protein Binding	Low	Mostly free drug
Metabolism	Hydrolysis → choline + glycerophosphate	Simple; no CYP involvement
Excretion	Renal (choline metabolites)	No accumulation concern

Plasma Choline Timeline

Comparison with Other Choline Sources

Parameter	Alpha-GPC	CDP-Choline	Choline Bitartrate
Choline yield	40%	18%	41%
BBB penetration	★★★★★	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆
Tmax	1-2 h	2-3 h	1-2 h
Duration	3-4 h	4-6 h	2-3 h
Peak magnitude	★★★★★	★★★☆☆	★★☆☆☆
Uridine pathway	No	Yes	No
GH release	Yes	Minimal	No
Phospholipid contribution	Direct	Via resynthesis	No

Dose-Plasma Relationship

Dose	Peak Plasma Choline	Cognitive Effect	Athletic Effect
150 mg	Moderate ↑	Mild	Minimal
300 mg	High ↑↑	Significant	Significant
600 mg	Very High ↑↑↑	High (ceiling effect)	High
1200 mg	Maximum ↑↑↑↑	High (no additional benefit)	Peak GH response

Dose Selection Rationale: 300 mg provides robust cognitive and athletic benefits while minimizing choline load for TMAO considerations. The 600 mg dose used in some athletic studies provides marginally greater power output benefits but doubles TMAO precursor exposure with diminishing cognitive returns.

Form Selection

Choline Source Comprehensive Comparison

Form	Choline %	BBB	Unique Benefit	Limitation	Best Use
RapidChol Alpha-GPC	40%	★★★★★	GH release; highest brain delivery	TMAO (chronic)	Acute performance
SynaptiQ CDP-Choline	18%	★★★★★	+Uridine; dopamine receptors	Lower yield	Daily baseline
Choline Bitartrate	41%	★★☆☆☆	Cheapest	Poor BBB; high TMAO	Peripheral needs
Phosphatidylcholine	13%	★★★☆☆	Membrane; liver	Low yield	Liver support
DMAE	Indirect	★★★☆☆	Crosses BBB as DMAE	Weak; inconsistent	Not recommended
Lecithin	3-4%	★★☆☆☆	Food source	Very low yield	Dietary only

Alpha-GPC Form Comparison

Form	Active Content	Stability	Handling	Application
Alpha-GPC 50% (silica-stabilized)	50% α-GPC	★★★★★ Excellent	Easy; non-hygroscopic	Capsules — NTRPX choice
Alpha-GPC 99% (powder)	99% α-GPC	★★☆☆☆ Poor	Difficult; extremely hygroscopic	Bulk (requires desiccant)
Alpha-GPC 85%	85% α-GPC	★★★☆☆ Moderate	Moderate	Compromise option

Why 50% Silica-Stabilized Form

RapidChol Specification: NTRPX uses Alpha-GPC 50% complexed with silicon dioxide (SiO₂). This pharmaceutical-grade form:

Delivers 150 mg active Alpha-GPC per 300 mg product (yielding 60 mg elemental choline)
Maintains stability at room temperature for 24+ months
Eliminates hygroscopicity concerns
Enables precise capsule filling
Third-party tested for identity, potency, and purity

The 300 mg dose in Sprint = 150 mg active Alpha-GPC = 60 mg elemental choline as the acute bolus (complementing baseline choline from CDP-choline in Boost/Sustain).

Manufacturing Quality Markers

Quality Attribute	Specification	Testing Method
Identity	Matches α-GPC reference	HPLC, IR
Assay (active α-GPC)	49-51%	HPLC
Choline content	19-21% of total	Titration
Water content	<3%	Karl Fischer
Heavy metals (total)	<10 ppm	ICP-MS
Lead	<1 ppm	ICP-MS
Arsenic	<1 ppm	ICP-MS
Microbial (TPC)	<1000 CFU/g	USP <61>
Yeast & Mold	<100 CFU/g	USP <61>

Dosing Rationale

Dose-Response Analysis

Dose (active α-GPC)	Cognitive Effect	Athletic Effect	GH Response	TMAO Concern
150 mg	Mild	Minimal	None	Low
300 mg	Moderate-High	Moderate	Mild	Low-Moderate
600 mg	High	High	Moderate	Moderate
1200 mg	High (ceiling)	Peak	High (44x)	High

NTRPX Protocol (Sprint Only)

Parameter	Recommendation	Rationale
Dose	300 mg (as 50% = 150 mg active)	Optimal efficacy:TMAO ratio
Timing	60-90 min pre-demand	Align with Tmax
Frequency	Max 2-3x per week	Limit TMAO accumulation
Co-administration	With Huperzine A (Sprint)	Substrate + preservation
Baseline choline	CDP-Choline daily (Boost/Sustain)	Foundational support

Timing Protocol

Population-Specific Dosing

Population	Dose Adjustment	Rationale
Standard adults	300 mg (150 mg active)	NTRPX Sprint dose
Athletes (power)	300-600 mg	Higher end for competitions
Cognitive-only focus	300 mg	No additional benefit from higher
Elderly (65+)	300 mg	May have enhanced benefit
Cardiovascular risk	300 mg max; limit frequency	TMAO consideration
Vegetarian/Vegan	300 mg	Lower baseline choline intake
TMAO-concerned	300 mg; max 2x/week	Minimize chronic exposure

Administration Notes

Pre-Task Timing: 60-90 minutes before peak demand
With Light Food: Reduces GI irritation; doesn’t impair absorption significantly
Morning/Midday Only: Avoid within 6 hours of sleep (stimulating)
Hydration: Maintain adequate water intake
Not Daily: Reserve for high-stakes situations; use CDP-choline daily
Sprint Stack: Always within complete Sprint formula (synergistic components)

Dose Adjustment Scenarios

Scenario	Adjustment	Rationale
First-time use	Full 300 mg in Sprint	Well-tolerated; assess response
Competition/Exam	300 mg, 90 min prior	Standard acute protocol
Heavy training day	300 mg pre-workout	Power output benefit
GI sensitivity	Take with meal	Reduces irritation
Fishy odor (rare)	Reduce frequency	Choline metabolism variant
Using multiple choline sources	Account for total load	TMAO consideration

TMAO Risk Assessment

The TMAO Pathway

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite linked to cardiovascular risk. Choline is a primary precursor:

TMAO Risk Quantification

Choline Source	Choline per Dose	Relative TMAO Risk	Notes
Alpha-GPC 300mg	60 mg	★★☆☆☆ Moderate	Acute use limits exposure
Alpha-GPC 600mg	120 mg	★★★☆☆ Moderate-High	Athletic dose
CDP-Choline 500mg	90 mg	★★☆☆☆ Moderate	Lower absolute load
Choline Bitartrate 500mg	205 mg	★★★★☆ High	Highest TMAO precursor
3 Eggs	~450 mg	★★★★☆ High	Dietary source
6 oz Red Meat	~150 mg	★★★☆☆ Moderate	+L-carnitine contribution

Why NTRPX Limits Alpha-GPC to Acute Use

Factor	Daily Alpha-GPC	Acute-Only Alpha-GPC (NTRPX)
Weekly choline load	2,100+ mg	180-360 mg (2-3x)
TMAO accumulation	Potential	Minimal
Cardiovascular concern	Moderate	Low
Receptor adaptation	Possible	Unlikely
Cost-effectiveness	Lower	Higher

TMAO Mitigation Strategies

Strategy	Mechanism	Evidence
Acute-only dosing	Limits total choline exposure	Strong rationale
Resveratrol	↓ TMA lyase activity	Preclinical
DMB (3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol)	TMA lyase inhibitor	Research compound
Berberine	Gut microbiome modulation	Emerging
Probiotics (specific strains)	↓ TMA-producing bacteria	Mixed
Mediterranean diet	Favorable microbiome composition	Epidemiological

Individual Risk Factors

Factor	TMAO Impact	Recommendation
FMO3 polymorphisms	Variable TMAO production	Genetic testing available
Kidney function	↓ TMAO clearance	Limit use if impaired
Existing CVD	Higher baseline risk	Consult physician
Gut microbiome	TMA production varies	Diet influences
Red meat intake	Additive TMAO	Reduce on Alpha-GPC days
Fish intake	TMAO direct + choline	Moderate

TMAO Consideration: The decision to restrict Alpha-GPC to acute use in Sprint (rather than daily supplementation) is driven by the TMAO cardiovascular risk signal. While the absolute risk from 2-3 weekly doses is likely minimal, the precautionary principle supports:

Daily baseline: CDP-choline (lower choline load, uridine benefits)
Acute boost: Alpha-GPC (maximum cholinergic surge when needed)

This strategy provides cholinergic optimization while minimizing chronic TMAO exposure.

Monitoring (Optional)

Biomarker	Purpose	Frequency
Plasma TMAO	Direct measurement	Baseline + 3 months if concerned
Lipid panel	Cardiovascular context	Annual
hs-CRP	Inflammation marker	Annual

Athletic Performance

Growth Hormone Release

Alpha-GPC uniquely stimulates acute growth hormone secretion via cholinergic hypothalamic pathways:

GH Response Data

Study	Dose	Exercise	GH Response
Kawamura 2012	1000 mg	None (rest)	↑ GH secretion
Ziegenfuss 2008	600 mg	Resistance	↑ 44-fold vs baseline
Hoffman 2010	250 mg	Resistance	Trend toward ↑
Ceda 1992	1000 mg	None	↑ GH in young and elderly

Power Output & Strength

Study	Design	N	Dose	Outcome
Bellar 2015	RCT, crossover	13	600 mg x 6 days	↑ Isometric mid-thigh pull force
Ziegenfuss 2008	RCT	7	600 mg acute	↑ Peak bench press force
Marcus 2017	RCT	48	250 mg x 6 weeks	Trend ↑ lower body strength
Shields 2020	Meta-analysis	5 studies	Various	Moderate effect on power output

Reaction Time & Agility

Study	Design	N	Dose	Outcome
Parker 2015	RCT	48	400 mg	↓ Reaction time
Tamura 2021	RCT	40	400 mg	↑ Motivation; ↑ attention
Hoffman 2010	RCT	20	200 mg + caffeine	Trend ↑ agility

Athletic Protocol

Application	Protocol	Timing
Strength training	300-600 mg	60-90 min pre-workout
Power sports	300-600 mg	60-90 min pre-competition
Cognitive sports (esports, chess)	300 mg (Sprint)	60-90 min pre-match
Endurance	Limited benefit	Not primary indication

Proposed Mechanisms for Athletic Benefits

Mechanism	Evidence Level	Contribution
↑ ACh at NMJ	Strong	Motor unit recruitment
↑ GH release	Strong	Acute anabolic signal
↑ Phosphatidylcholine	Moderate	Membrane function
↑ CNS activation	Moderate	Neural drive
↓ Perceived exertion	Preliminary	Psychological

Athletic Application Note: Alpha-GPC appears most beneficial for power and strength activities requiring maximal neural drive and motor unit recruitment. The 600 mg dose shows strongest effects in athletic studies but doubles TMAO precursor load. NTRPX uses 300 mg in Sprint optimizing the cognitive-athletic-safety balance.

Synergy Matrix

Sprint Stack Synergies

Pairing	Mechanism	Synergy Type	Importance
+ Huperzine A	α-GPC provides substrate; Hup-A prevents degradation	Critical	★★★★★
+ Caffeine	Adenosine antagonism + cholinergic surge	Amplification	★★★★☆
+ L-Tyrosine	Catecholamine + cholinergic parallel pathways	Parallel	★★★☆☆
+ CDP-Choline (baseline)	Sustained foundation + acute spike	Temporal	★★★★☆

The Complete Cholinergic Cascade (Sprint)

Why Choline Loading + AChE Inhibition

Strategy	ACh Level	Duration	Limitation
α-GPC alone	↑↑↑ (bolus)	2-3 hours	Rapid degradation
Huperzine A alone	↑ (preserved)	8-10 hours	Limited substrate
α-GPC + Huperzine A	↑↑↑ (bolus + preserved)	4-6 hours	Optimal

Contraindicated Combinations

Combination	Risk	Severity
+ Additional choline (high dose)	TMAO; cholinergic excess	★★★☆☆
+ Pharmaceutical AChE inhibitors	Severe cholinergic toxicity	★★★★★
+ Cholinergic drugs	Additive effects	★★★★☆
+ Fish oil (same day, high dose)	Additive TMAO precursors	★★☆☆☆

Temporal Stacking with CDP-Choline

Stack Logic: CDP-choline provides the daily cholinergic and uridinergic foundation. Alpha-GPC is layered on top for acute demands. This temporal separation:

Maximizes acute performance when needed
Maintains baseline optimization daily
Limits total weekly choline load (TMAO)
Prevents receptor adaptation

Clinical Evidence

Cognitive Trials in Healthy Adults

Study	Design	N	Dose	Duration	Primary Outcome
Parker 2015	RCT, young adults	48	400 mg	Acute	↓ Reaction time; ↑ attention
Tamura 2021	RCT, healthy	40	400 mg	Acute	↑ Motivation; ↑ memory
Canal 2007	RCT	32	1200 mg	10 days	↑ Attention, memory
Marcus 2022	Systematic review	Multiple	Various	Various	Modest cognitive benefits

Cognitive Trials in Impairment

Study	Population	N	Dose	Duration	Outcome
De Jesus Moreno 2003	Mild-Mod AD	261	1200 mg	6 months	↑ ADAS-Cog; ↑ MMSE; ↑ GDS
Parnetti 2001	VaD	120	1200 mg	6 months	↑ MMSE; ↑ GDS
Barbagallo 1994	Multi-infarct dementia	120	1200 mg	6 months	↑ Cognitive measures
Traini 2013	AD + VaD (meta)	10 studies	Various	Various	Consistent improvement

Athletic Performance Trials

Study	Design	N	Dose	Outcome
Bellar 2015	RCT, athletes	13	600 mg x 6 days	↑ Isometric mid-thigh pull force (p<0.05)
Ziegenfuss 2008	RCT	7	600 mg	↑ Peak GH (44-fold); ↑ peak bench force
Hoffman 2010	RCT	20	250 mg + caffeine	Trend ↑ performance
Parker 2015	RCT	48	400 mg	↑ Psychomotor speed

Growth Hormone Studies

Study	Design	Dose	Condition	GH Response
Ceda 1992	Controlled	1000 mg	Rest	↑ GH in young and elderly
Kawamura 2012	Controlled	1000 mg	Rest	↑ GHRH-induced GH
Ziegenfuss 2008	RCT	600 mg	+ Exercise	44-fold ↑ vs baseline

Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses

Study	Scope	Studies	Conclusion
Traini 2013	Dementia	10 RCTs	Effective for cognitive impairment
Panza 2015	Cognition	Multiple	Supported for cholinergic enhancement
Marcus 2022	Healthy cognition	5+ studies	Modest but consistent benefits
Shields 2020	Athletic	5 studies	Moderate effect on power output

Effect Size Summary

Outcome	Population	Effect Size (d)	Quality
Memory	Healthy	0.3-0.5	Moderate
Memory	Dementia	0.5-0.8	High
Attention	Healthy	0.3-0.5	Moderate
Reaction time	Healthy	0.4-0.6	Moderate
Power output	Athletes	0.3-0.5	Moderate
GH release	+ Exercise	Large	High

Comparison with CDP-Choline

Parameter	Alpha-GPC	CDP-Choline
Acute cognitive effect	★★★★★	★★★☆☆
Sustained cognitive effect	★★★☆☆	★★★★★
Athletic performance	★★★★☆	★★☆☆☆
GH release	★★★★☆	★☆☆☆☆
Dementia evidence	★★★★★	★★★★★
Healthy adult evidence	★★★★☆	★★★★☆
Long-term safety	★★★☆☆ (TMAO)	★★★★★

References

Cognitive Studies:

Parker AG et al. The effects of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, caffeine or placebo on markers of mood, cognitive function, power, speed, and agility. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12(Suppl 1):P41. PMC
Tamura Y et al. Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine increases motivation in healthy volunteers: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled human study. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):2091. PubMed
De Jesus Moreno Moreno M. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate. Clin Ther. 2003;25(1):178-93. PubMed
Parnetti L et al. Choline alphoscerate in cognitive decline and in acute cerebrovascular disease. Clin Ther. 2001;23(11):1587-98. PubMed

Athletic Studies:

Bellar D et al. The effect of 6 days of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on isometric strength. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12:42. PubMed
Ziegenfuss T et al. Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5(Suppl 1):P15.

GH Studies:

Ceda GP et al. Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine administration increases the GH responses to GHRH of young and elderly subjects. Horm Metab Res. 1992;24(3):119-21. PubMed
Kawamura T et al. Glycerophosphocholine enhances growth hormone secretion and fat oxidation in young adults. Nutrition. 2012;28(11-12):1122-6. PubMed

Reviews:

Traini E et al. Choline alphoscerate (alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline) an old choline-containing phospholipid with a still interesting profile as cognition enhancing agent. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2013;10(10):1070-9. PubMed
Marcus L et al. Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:39. PubMed

Safety & Classification

Adverse Event Profile

Event	Incidence	Severity	Mechanism	Management
Headache	5-10%	Mild-Mod	Cholinergic (often substrate excess)	Reduce dose; ensure not over-stacked
GI discomfort	3-8%	Mild	Direct irritation	Take with food
Dizziness	2-5%	Mild	Cholinergic	Reduce dose
Insomnia	2-4%	Mild	Cholinergic arousal	Morning dosing only
Fishy body odor	1-2%	Mild	TMA metabolism variant	Reduce dose/frequency
Heartburn	1-3%	Mild	GI irritation	Take with food
Hypotension	Rare	Mild	Cholinergic (vagal)	Monitor if on BP meds

Safety Comparison

Parameter	Alpha-GPC	CDP-Choline	Choline Bitartrate
GI tolerance	★★★★☆	★★★★★	★★★☆☆
Headache risk	★★★☆☆	★★★★☆	★★★☆☆
TMAO concern	★★★☆☆	★★★★☆	★★☆☆☆
Drug interactions	★★★★☆	★★★★★	★★★★☆
Long-term data	★★★★☆	★★★★★	★★★☆☆

Contraindications

Category	Consideration	Severity
Pharmaceutical AChE inhibitors	Cholinergic excess	★★★★★ Absolute
Cholinergic crisis history	Recurrence risk	★★★★★ Absolute
Established CVD	TMAO consideration	★★★☆☆ Relative (limit use)
Peptic ulcer (active)	↑ Gastric acid	★★★☆☆ Relative
Hypotension	Additive effect	★★☆☆☆ Caution
Pregnancy/Nursing	Limited data	★★★☆☆ Avoid

Drug Interactions

Drug Class	Interaction	Severity	Management
AChE inhibitors	Synergistic toxicity	★★★★★	Contraindicated
Anticholinergics	Opposing mechanisms	★★★☆☆	Reduced efficacy of both
Cholinergic drugs	Additive effects	★★★☆☆	Avoid combination
Scopolamine	Opposing mechanisms	★★★☆☆	Avoid
Beta-blockers	Potential additive bradycardia	★★☆☆☆	Monitor

Long-Term Safety Considerations

Factor	Status	Notes
Acute use (2-3x/week)	Well-established	NTRPX protocol
Chronic daily use	TMAO concern	Not recommended at high doses
Dementia populations	6+ months data	1200 mg daily well-tolerated
Cumulative toxicity	None observed	Standard doses
Tolerance	Not significant	Possible with daily use
Withdrawal	None	Can stop anytime

Regulatory Status

Region	Status	Notes
United States	Dietary supplement	DSHEA; widely available
European Union	Food/Supplement	Varies by country
Canada	NHP	Licensed products
Australia	Supplement	Available
Japan	Food ingredient	Common in functional foods

Tier 2: Supported (Acute Use)

Efficacy

High (acute)

Clinical Validation

High — Multiple RCTs; dementia + athletic

Safety

Good (acute) — TMAO limits chronic use

Tier Rationale: Tier 2 with acute-only designation. Strong clinical evidence for both cognitive enhancement (healthy and impaired) and athletic performance (power output, GH release). Effect sizes are moderate-to-large for acute applications. The TMAO cardiovascular concern with chronic high-dose choline supplementation prevents Tier 1 classification and mandates the acute-use restriction. Paired with CDP-choline baseline for optimal cholinergic support.

Phospholipid Biochemistry

The Kennedy Pathway

Alpha-GPC contributes to phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway:

Phospholipid Composition of Neural Membranes

Phospholipid	% of Neural Membrane	Alpha-GPC Contribution
Phosphatidylcholine (PC)	40-50%	Direct precursor
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)	25-30%	Via PE methylation
Phosphatidylserine (PS)	10-15%	Via base exchange
Sphingomyelin	5-10%	Indirect
Other	5-10%	—

Membrane Fluidity & Function

Parameter	Low PC/Fluidity	Optimal PC/Fluidity
Receptor function	Impaired	Optimal
Ion channel activity	Reduced	Normal
Neurotransmitter release	Decreased	Efficient
Signal transduction	Compromised	Effective
Membrane repair	Slow	Rapid

Alpha-GPC vs CDP-Choline: Phospholipid Contribution

Pathway	Alpha-GPC	CDP-Choline
Direct choline delivery	★★★★★	★★★☆☆
Glycerophosphate delivery	★★★★☆	☆☆☆☆☆
CDP-choline intermediate	Indirect	★★★★★ Direct
Uridine provision	☆☆☆☆☆	★★★★★
Net PC synthesis	★★★★☆	★★★★☆

Complementary Mechanisms: Alpha-GPC and CDP-choline support phosphatidylcholine synthesis through different entry points. Alpha-GPC provides both choline AND glycerophosphate directly, while CDP-choline provides choline plus uridine for the CDP-choline intermediate. Using both (CDP-choline daily, Alpha-GPC acutely) covers multiple pathway nodes.

Sprint Stack Summary: RapidChol Alpha-GPC (300 mg) is the high-yield cholinergic substrate in the Sprint stack. It creates the acute choline surge that, combined with Huperzine A’s degradation prevention, produces maximum cholinergic signaling. Reserved for acute use (2-3x weekly) due to TMAO considerations, with CDP-choline providing the daily cholinergic baseline in Boost/Sustain.

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